Introduction to Computer Networks
Network Basics
A computer network is a group of connected computers and devices that communicate with each other. Networks range from small home setups to the global Internet connecting millions of devices worldwide.
Common types include Local Area Networks (LANs) covering small spaces like offices or homes, and Wide Area Networks (WANs) spanning large areas across countries or continents.
Network Topologies & Protocols
Network topology refers to the physical or logical arrangement of network devices. Popular layouts include star (devices connect to a central hub), bus (devices connect along a single cable), and mesh (devices interconnect with each other).
Protocols are communication rules like TCP/IP (internet), HTTP (web pages), and FTP (file transfers) that enable devices to exchange information effectively.
IP Addressing & Subnetting
Every network device needs an IP address (like 192.168.1.10) to communicate. Most networks use IPv4, though IPv6 is becoming more common as IPv4 addresses are depleted.
Subnetting divides larger networks into smaller, manageable segments for better organization and security, similar to separating departments within a company.
