Topic 2

Slide 1: Title Slide

• Title: Understanding Processes and Procedures

• Subtitle: Diploma Level | Politeknik Malaysia

• Presented by: [Your Name]

Narration:
"Welcome to today's lesson on understanding processes and procedures. This lesson is designed for diploma-level students and aims to help you identify, interpret, and arrange steps in various types of procedures. Let's begin!"

Slide 2: Learning Objectives

• Explain different types of processes and procedures.

• Identify key steps in a process.

• Interpret various types of procedural texts.

• Differentiate between linear and non-linear formats.

• Arrange steps logically and sequentially.

• Use clear formatting to enhance comprehension.

Narration:
"By the end of this lesson, you will be able to explain various types of processes, identify key steps, interpret procedural texts, differentiate between linear and non-linear formats, arrange steps in a logical order, and apply clear formatting for better understanding."

Slide 3: What Are Processes and Procedures?

• Process: A series of actions leading to a result.

• Procedure: A set of specific instructions to achieve a task.

Narration:
"First, let’s differentiate between a process and a procedure. A process is a sequence of actions that leads to a final result, while a procedure is a detailed set of instructions designed to accomplish a specific task."

Slide 4: Examples of Processes and Procedures

• Cooking a meal (Process)

• Applying for a passport (Procedure)

• Assembling furniture (Process & Procedure)

Narration:
"Here are some common examples. Cooking a meal is a process, while applying for a passport follows a procedure. Some tasks, like assembling furniture, involve both processes and procedures."

Slide 5: Linear vs. Non-Linear Processes

• Linear: Steps follow a strict, sequential order.

• Non-Linear: Steps can occur in varied or flexible sequences.

Narration:
"Processes and procedures can be linear or non-linear. Linear means every step follows a strict order. Non-linear means steps can occur in any sequence or even simultaneously."

Slide 6: Example of a Linear Process

• Boiling an egg:

  1. Fill pot with water.

  2. Place the egg in the pot.

  3. Boil for 10 minutes.

  4. Remove and cool.

Narration:
"An example of a linear process is boiling an egg. You need to follow the steps in a specific sequence to achieve the result."

Slide 7: Example of a Non-Linear Process

• Preparing for an event:

  • Arrange transportation.

  • Decorate the venue.

  • Confirm guest attendance.

  • Prepare refreshments.

Narration:
"In contrast, preparing for an event is a non-linear process. The steps can happen in any order, depending on the circumstances."

Slide 8: Key Elements of a Procedure

• Title or Heading

• Purpose or Goal

• Materials Required

• Step-by-Step Instructions

• Warnings or Notes

Narration:
"Every well-written procedure includes key elements like a clear title, the purpose of the procedure, required materials, detailed instructions, and any important warnings."

Slide 9: Formatting for Clarity

• Use numbered or bulleted lists.

• Keep steps concise.

• Highlight key actions or warnings.

• Use diagrams or visuals if helpful.

Narration:
"To make procedures easy to follow, use numbered or bulleted lists. Keep instructions short and clear, highlight key actions, and use visuals or diagrams whenever possible."

Slide 10: Activity - Arrange the Process

"Students, here’s an activity. The steps to assemble a chair are jumbled. Work in groups to arrange them correctly."

Narration:
"Now it's your turn. Review the jumbled steps for assembling a chair and arrange them in the correct order. Take five minutes to discuss and decide."

(Pause the video to allow student interaction)

Slide 11: Quick Quiz

• What is the difference between a process and a procedure?

• Which of these is a non-linear process: cooking a meal or planning a trip?

• Name two elements of a good procedure.

Narration:
"Let’s test your understanding. Answer these quick questions. Feel free to pause the video and discuss before resuming."

(Pause the video for the quiz)

Slide 12: Recap and Reflection

• Types of processes and procedures.

• Importance of sequence and format.

• Key elements for clear instructions.

Narration:
"To recap, today we covered the types of processes and procedures, the importance of logical sequence, and the key elements to ensure clarity in instructions."

Slide 13: Closing Thoughts

• "Understanding processes and procedures helps in everyday tasks and professional roles. Practice by observing and writing down processes in your daily life."

Narration:
"Understanding processes and procedures is a valuable skill that applies in both daily life and professional environments. I encourage you to practice by writing down simple procedures from your daily activities."

Slide 14: Thank You

• "Thank you for participating! Questions or feedback are welcome."

Narration:
"Thank you for your attention and participation today. If you have any questions, feel free to ask. All the best in your learning journey!"